Throttles enable an unresisted expansion of the working fluid flowing through them.  Because there is no resistance, there is no work done, and hence no change in enthalpy.  The behavior of a fluid flowing across a throttle depends on its Joule-Thompson coefficient and whether it is above or below its inversion point.  A fluid above the inversion point will experience an increase in temperature, while one below the inversion point will drop in temperature.  A gas passing through a throttle may precipitate into liquid, while a liquid may suddenly vaporize, creating a refrigerating effect as it absorbs heat from its environment to sustain the evaporation process.

Possible modeling assumptions for throttles: none


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