Papers

This is a partial collection of our group's research papers. Please send us email to get papers or reprints that are not available for downloading here.

Follow this link to see these papers listed by year.

Quick links:

Papers on Analogy and Similarity
Papers on Companion Cognitive Systems
Papers on Educational Software
Papers on Intelligence Analysis
Papers on Interactive Entertainment
Papers on Learning by Reading
Papers on Modeling Culture and Cognition
Papers on Natural Language Semantics
Papers on Ontology and Granular Partitions
Position Papers and Commentaries
Papers on Qualitative Physics:: Surveys, Engineering Problem Solving, Qualitative Process Theory, Compositional Modeling, Self-explanatory Simulators, Qualitative Spatial Reasoning, Qualitative Temporal Reasoning, Teleology, Common Sense Reasoning
Papers on Reasoning Techniques
Papers on Sketch Understanding
Papers on Transfer Learning

Papers on Qualitative Physics

Surveys [back to the top]

Forbus, K. (1996). Qualitative reasoning. CRC Hand-book of Computer Science and Engineering. CRC Press. (Next-to final drafts, with more citations than final version. Postscript)

Forbus, K. (1988). Qualitative physics: Past, present, and future. In Exploring Artificial Intelligence (pp. 239-296). San Francisco, California: Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.

Engineering Problem Solving [back to the top]

Sanghi, M., Paritosh P.K. and Thomas, R. (2005). Sub-linear Algorithms for Landmark Discovery from Black Box Models. In M. Hofbaur, B. Rinner and F. Wotawa (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning (QR-05) (pp. 60). Graz, Austria: QR-05.

Sgouros, N. (1998). Interaction between physical and design knowledge in design from physical principles. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 11, 449-459.

Pisan, Y. (1998). An integrated architecture for engineering problem solving. Doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (Appendix of problems solved by the Thermodynamics Problem Solver). (UMI No. 733042431)

Pisan, Y. (1996). Using qualitative representations in controlling engineering problem solving. In Qualitative Reasoning Workshop (pp. 190-197). Stanford, California: QR-06. (html, Microsoft Word, Rich Text Format)

Collins, J.W. (1993). Process-based diagnosis: An approach to understanding novel failures (UIUCDCS-R-94-1846) Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois. (Tech. Rep. No. 48). Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University, The Institute for the Learning Sciences.

Sgouros, N. (1993). Representing physical and design knowledge in innovative design. Dissertation. [This paper might also be seen under the following title: Representing physical and design knowledge in innovative engineering design].

Collins, J.W. (1991). Diagnosis as failure understanding (Tech. Rep. No. UIUCDCS-R-91-1699/UILU-ENG-91-1745). Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science.

Falkenhainer, B. and Forbus, K. (1991). Compositional modeling: Finding the right model for the job. Artificial Intelligence, 51, 95-143.

Skorstad, G. (1991). Finding stable causal interpretations of equations (Tech. Rep. No. UIUCDCS-R-91-1654/Tech Rep. No. UILU-ENG-91-1701). Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Computer Science Department, Qualitative Reasoning Group.

DeCoste, D. and Collins, J.W. (1991). IQE: An incremental qualitative envisioner.

DeCoste, D. (1991). Toward a qualitative theory of safety control: When and how to panic intelligently (Tech. Rep. No. 14). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, The Institute for the Learning Sciences.

Collins, J.W. and Forbus, K. (1990). Molecular collections: An ontology for reasoning about fluids. Manuscript submitted for publication. DRAFT, do not cite.

DeCoste, D. (1990). Dynamic across-time measurement interpretation: Maintaining qualitative understandings of physical system behavior (Tech. Rep. No. UIUCDCS-R-90-1572/UILU-ENG-90-1710). Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science.

DeCoste, D. (1990). Dynamic across-time measurement interpretation. Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90), Boston, MA, July 1990. (also appears in: Readings in Model-Based Diagnosis, editors Walter Hamscher et al., Morgan Kauffmann, 1992).

Skorstad, G. and Forbus, K. (1989). Qualitative and quantitative reasoning about thermodynamics. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.

Forbus, K. (1988). Intelligent computer-aided engineering. AI Magazine, Fall.

Qualitative Process theory [back to the top]

Dehghani, M. and Forbus, K. (2009). QCM: A QP-Based Concept Map System. In Proceedings of the 23nd International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning (QR).

Forbus, K. (1993). Qualitative process theory: Twelve years after. Artificial Intelligence, 59, 115-123.

Collins, J. and Forbus, K.. (1989). Building qualitative models of thermodynamic processes. Proceedings of the Qualitative Reasoning Workshop.

Forbus, K. (1989). Introducing actions into qualitative simulation. Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Forbus, K. (1988). QPE: Using assumption-based truth maintenance for qualitative simulation. The International Journal for Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 3(4), 200-215.

Collins, J. and Forbus, K. (1987). Reasoning about fluids via molecular collections. Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87), Seattle, Washington, 590-594.

Forbus, K. (1987). Interpreting observations of physical systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-17(3), 350-359.

Forbus, K. and Gentner,D. (1986). Causal reasoning about quantities. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Amherst, Massachusetts, August.

Forbus, K. (1986). The logic of occurrence. Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Forbus, K. (1985). The problem of existence. (Tech. Rep. No. UIUCDCS-R-85-1239; UILU-ENG-85-1747). Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science.

Forbus, K. (1984). Qualitative process theory. Artificial Intelligence, 24, 85-168.

Forbus, K. (1983). Measurement interpretation in qualitative process theory. IJCAI-83.[The main text is more clear in this copy].

Compositional Modeling [back to the top]

Klenk, M., Friedman, S., and Forbus, K. (2008). Learning Modeling Abstractions via Generalization. In the Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning. Boulder, CO.

Xerox. (1991). Composition modeling of physical systems. (Report No. SSL-91-95, [P91-000181]). Palo Alto, CA: Falkenhainer, B. & Forbus, K.

Falkenhainer, B. and Forbus, K. (1988). Setting up Large-Scale Qualitative Models. Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88), St. Paul, MN, 301-306.

Self-explanatory Simulators [back to the top]

Kyckelhahn, B. and Forbus, K. (2004). Jitter in self-explanatory simulation. Proceedings of the 18th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Evanston, Illinois, August.

Forbus, K. (1996). Self-explanatory simulators for middle-school science education: A progress report. Proceedings of QR96.

Forbus, K. and Falkenhainer, B. (1995). Scaling up self-explanatory simulators: Polynomial-time compilation. Proceedings of IJCAI-95, Montreal, Canada.

Forbus, K. (1994). Polynomial-time compilation of self-explanatory simulators. Proceedings of QR94, Nara, Japan, June.

Forbus, K. (1994). Self-explanatory simulators: Making computers partners in the modeling process. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 36, 91-101.

Forbus, K. and Falkenhainer, B. (1992). Self-Explanatory Simulations: Scaling up to large models. Proceedings of AAAI 1992, San Jose, California, 685-690.

Forbus, K. (1991). Towards tutor compilers: Self-explanatory simulations as an enabling technology. Proceedings of the 1990 International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 173-179.

Forbus, K. and Falkenhainer, B. (1990). Self-explanatory simulations: An integration of qualitative and quantitative knowledge. Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90).

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning [back to the top]

Lovett, A., Lockwood, K., & Forbus, K. (2008). A computational model of the visual oddity task. In the Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Washington, D.C.

Lovett, A., Lockwood, K., & Forbus, K. (2008). Modeling cross-cultural performance on the visual oddity task. In the Proceedings of Spatial Cognition 2008. Freiburg, Germany.

Wetzel, J. and Forbus, K. (2008). Integrating Open-Domain Sketch Understanding with Qualitative Two-Dimensional Rigid-Body Mechanics. In the Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning. Boulder, CO.

Lovett, A. Forbus, K., & Usher, J. (2007). Analogy with qualitative spatial representations can simulate solving Raven's Progressive Matrices. In the Proceedings of the of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Nashville, TN.

Lovett, A., Forbus, K., & Usher, J. (2007). Using qualitative representations and analogical mapping to solve problems from a spatial intelligence test. Proceedings of the 21st International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop. Aberystwyth, U.K.

Lockwood, K., Forbus, K., Halstead, D. & Usher, J. (2006). Automatic Categorization of Spatial Prepositions. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Vancouver, Canada.

Lockwood, K., Forbus, K., & Usher, J. (2005). SpaceCase: A model of spatial preposition use. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Stressa, Italy.

Tomai, E., Lovett, A., Forbus, K., & Usher, J. (2005). A Structure Mapping Model for Solving Geometric Analogy Problems. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Stressa, Italy, 2190-2195.

Ferguson, R.W. and Forbus, K.D. (1999). GeoRep: A flexible tool for spatial representation of line drawings. Proceedings of the Qualitative Reasoning Workshop. Loch Awe, Scotland.

Donlon, J.J. and Forbus, K.D. (1999). Using a geographic information system for qualitative spatial reasoning about trafficability. Proceedings of the Qualitative Reasoning Workshop. Loch Awe, Scotland.

Pisan, Y. (1995). A visual routines based model of graph understanding. Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.

Forbus, K. (1994). Qualitative spatial reasoning: Framework and frontiers. In: Glasgow, J ., Narayanan, H ., & Chandrasekaren, B. (Eds.), Diagrammatic Reasoning: Computational and Cognitive Perspectives, AAAI Press, 1995.

Pisan, Y. (1994). Visual reasoning with graphs. Qualitative Reasoning Workshop. (Visual reasoning about physical properties via graphs).

Kim, H. (1993). Qualitative reasoning about fluids and mechanics (Tech. Rep. No. 47). The Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University.

Forbus, K., Nielsen, P., and Faltings, B. (1991). Qualitative spatial reasoning: The CLOCK project. Artificial Intelligence, 51(1-3), 417-471.

Hyun-Kyung, K. (1990). Qualitative kinematics of linkages (Tech Rep. No. UNCDCS-R-90-1603/ UILU-ENG-90-1742). Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science.

Nielsen, P.E. (1988). A qualitative approach to rigid body mechanics. (Tech. Rep. No. UIUCDCS-R-88-1469; UILU-ENG-88-1775). Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science.

Forbus, K. (1983). Qualitative reasoning about space and motion. In Gentner, D. and Stevens, A. (Eds.), Mental Models, LEA Associates, Inc., New Jersey.

Forbus, K. (1980). Spatial and qualitative aspects of reasoning about motion. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-'80), August. Stanford, California.

Qualitative Temporal Reasoning [back to the top]

Bittner, T. (2002). Approximate qualitative temporal reasoning. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 35(1-2), 39-80.

Teleology [back to the top]

Everett, J. O. (1999). Topological inference of teleology: Deriving function from structure via evidential reasoning. Artificial Intelligence, 113 (1-2).

Everett, J. (1995). A theory of mapping from structure to function applied to engineering thermodynamics. Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Forbus, K., Ferguson, R., Hyun, S., and Everett, J. (1993). Qualitative reasoning about function: A progress report. Submitted to AAAI Workshop on Reasoning About Function.

Common Sense Reasoning [back to the top]

Paritosh, P.K. (2007). Beyond Corpus Lookup: Towards Heuristic Reasoning with Text. In the Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Answering Questions, IJCAI-07, Hyderabad.

Paritosh, P. and Bridewell, W. (2007). From Whiteboard to Model: A Preliminary Analysis. In the Proceedings of the 21st International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Aberystwyth, U.K.

Paritosh, P.K. and Klenk, M.E. (2006). Cognitive Processes in Quantitative Estimation: Analogical Anchors and Causal Adjustment. In the Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Vancouver.

Paritosh, P.K. (2006). The Heuristic Reasoning Manifesto. In Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Hanover.

Paritosh, P. and Forbus, K. (2005). Analysis of Strategic Knowledge in Back of the Envelope Reasoning. In Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), Pittsburgh, PA.

Klenk, M., Forbus, K., Tomai, E., Kim,H., and Kyckelhahn, B. (2005). Solving Everyday Physical Reasoning Problems by Analogy using Sketches. Proceedings of 20th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), Pittsburgh, PA.

Paritosh, P.K. (2004). Symbolizing Quantity. In Proceedings of the 26th Cognitive Science Conference, Chicago.

Paritosh, P. and Forbus, K. (2004). Using strategies and AND/OR decomposition for back of the envelope reasoning. Proceedings of the 18th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Evanston, Illinois, August.

Paritosh, P.K. (2003). A sketch of a theory of quantity. Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Brasilia, Brazil, August 2003.

Paritosh, P.K. and Forbus, K.D. (2003). Qualitative Modeling and Similarity in Back of the Envelope Reasoning. In Proceedings of the 25th Cognitive Science Conference, Boston, MA.

Paritosh, P.K. and Forbus, K.D. (2001). Common sense on the envelope. Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning.

Forbus, K. and Gentner, D. (1997). Qualitative mental models: Simulations or memories? Proceedings of the Eleventh International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Cortona, Italy, June 3-6, pp. 97-104.

Papers on Analogy and Similarity [back to the top]

Friedman, S. & Forbus, K. (2008). Learning Causal Models via Progressive Alignment & Qualitative Modeling: A Simulation. In the Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci). Washington, D.C.

Friedman, S. & Forbus, K. (2008). Learning Qualitative Causal Models via Generalization & Quantity Analysis. In the Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning. Boulder, CO.

Halstead, D. and Forbus, K. (2007). Some Effects of a Reduced Relational Vocabulary on the Whodunit Problem. Proceedings of IJCAI-2007, Hyderabad, India.

Lovett, A., Lockwood, K., Dehghani, M., & Forbus, K. (2007). Modeling human-like rates of learning via analogical generalization. Proceedings of Analogies: Integrating Multiple Cognitive Abilities. Nashville, Tennessee.

Lovett, A., Sagi, E., & Gentner, D. (2007). Analogy as a mechanism for comparison. Proceedings of Analogies: Integrating Multiple Cognitive Abilities. Nashville, Tennessee.

Dehghani, M. and Lovett, L. (2006) Efficient Genre Classification using Qualitative Representations. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, Victoria, Canada.

Lovett, A., Gentner, D., and Forbus, K. (2006). Simulating Time-Course Phenomena in Perceptual Similarity via Incremental Encoding. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Ouyang, T. and Forbus, K. (2006). Strategy variations in analogical problem solving. Proceedings of AAAI-06.

Halstead, D. and Forbus, K. (2005). Transforming between Propositions and Features: Bridging the Gap. Proceedings of AAAI-2005. Pittsburgh, PA.

Yan, J. and Forbus, K. (2005). Similarity-based qualitative simulation. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Yan, J. and Forbus, K. (2004). Similarity-based qualitative simulation: A preliminary report. Proceedings of the 18th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Evanston, Illinois, USA, August.

Yan, J., Forbus, K., and Gentner, D. (2003). A Theory of Rerepresentation in Analogical Matching. Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Forbus, K., Mostek, T. and Ferguson, R. (2002). An analogy ontology for integrating analogical processing and first-principles reasoning. Proceedings of IAAI-02, July.

Nicholson, S. and Forbus, K. (2002). Answering comparison questions in SHAKEN: A progress report. AAAI Spring Symposium on Mining Answers from Texts and Knowledge Bases, Palo Alto, CA.

Forbus, K. (2001). Exploring analogy in the large. In Gentner, D., Holyoak, K., and Kokinov, B. (Eds.) Analogy: Perspectives from Cognitive Science. MIT Press.

Kuehne, S., Forbus, K., Gentner, D. and Quinn, B. (2000). SEQL: Category learning as progressive abstraction using structure mapping. Proceedings of CogSci 2000, August.

Kuehne, S., Gentner, D. and Forbus, K. (2000). Modeling infant learning via symbolic structural alignment. Proceedings of CogSci 2000, August.

Mostek, T., Forbus, K, and Meverden, C. (2000). Dynamic case creation and expansion for analogical reasoning. Proceedings of AAAI-2000. Austin, TX.

Forbus, K., Gentner, D., Everett, J. and Wu, M. (1997). Towards a computational model of evaluating and using analogical inferences. Proceedings of CogSci97.

Gentner, D., Brem, S., Ferguson, R.W., Markman, A.B., Levidow, B.B., Wolff, P., and Forbus, K. (1997). Analogical reasoning and conceptual change: A case study of Johannes Kepler. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 6(1), 3-40.

Gentner, D. and Markman, A. (1997). Structure mapping in analogy and similarity. American Psychologist, January, 45-56.

Ferguson, R. and Forbus, K. (1995). Understanding Illustrations of Physical Laws by Integrating Differences in Visual and Textual Representations. AAAI Fall Symposium on Computational Models for Integrating Language and Vision.

Gentner, D., Rattermann, M.J., Markman, A., and Kotovsky, L. (1995). Two forces in the development of relational similarity.

Ferguson, R. W. (1994). MAGI: Analogy-based encoding using regularity and symmetry. In A. Ram & K. Eiselt (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 283-288). Atlanta, GA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Forbus, K., Ferguson, R. and Gentner, D. (1994). Incremental Structure-Mapping. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, August.

Forbus, K., Gentner, D. and Law, K. (April-June, 1995). MAC/FAC: A model of Similarity-based Retrieval. Cognitive Science, 19(2), 141-205. [NB: the paper incorrectly identifes the year of publication as 1994]

Gentner, D. and Forbus, K. (1991). MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.

Gentner, D. and Boronat, C.B. (1991). Metaphors are (sometimes) processed as generative domain-mappings. (Unpublished Draft. Do not cite without permission).

Falkenhainer, B. (1990). Analogy in Context. DRAFT.

Falkenhainer, B. (1990). A unified approach to explanation and theory formation. In J. Shrager and P. Langley (Eds.), Computational models of scientific discovery and theory formation (pp. 157-196). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.

Forbus, K. and Gentner, D. (1990). Similarity-based cognitive architecture.

Forbus, K. and Oblinger, D. (1990). Making SME greedy and pragmatic. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.

Falkenhainer, B., Forbus, K. and Gentner, D. (1989). The Structure Mapping Engine: Algorithm and examples. Artificial Intelligence, 41, 1-63.

Forbus, K. and Gentner, D. (1989). Structural evaluation of analogies: What counts? Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.

Falkenhainer, B. (1988). Learning from physical analogies: A study in analogy and the explanation process. (Technical Report No. UIUCDCS-R-88-1479). University of Illinios at Urbana-Champaign. (Ph.D. Thesis)

Forbus, K. and Gentner, D. (1986). Learning Physical Domains: Towards a Theoretical Framework. In Michalski, R., Carbonell, J. and Mitchell, T. (Eds.), Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Volume 2. Tioga press.

Falkenhainer, B., Forbus, K. and Gentner, D. (1986). The Structure-Mapping Engine. Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Falkenhainer, B., Forbus, K. and Gentner, D. (1986). The Structure-Mapping Engine. (Tech. Rep. No. UIUCDCS-R-86-1275, UILU-ENG-86-1732). Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Computer Science.

Papers on Educational Software [back to the top]

Forbus, K., Carney, K., Sherin, B. and Ureel, L. (2004). Qualitative modeling for middle-school students. Proceedings of the 18th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Evanston, Illinois, August.

Forbus, K., Carney, K., Sherin, B. and Ureel, L. (2004). VModel: A visual qualitative modeling environment for middle-school students. Proceedings of the 16th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, San Jose, July 2004.

Ureel, Leo and Carney, Karen (2003). Design Of Computational Supports for Students in Visual Modelling Tasks. In Wasson B., Baggetun, R., Hoppe, U., Ludvigsen, S. (Eds.) International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning, CSCL 2003, Community events, Communication and Interaction. (pp. 98-100) Bergen, Norway, University of Bergen Press.

Carney, Karen and Ureel, Leo (2003). Demonstration of Supports for Student Reuse and Integration of Knowledge through Modeling. In Wasson B., Baggetun, R., Hoppe, U., Ludvigsen, S. (Eds.) International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning, CSCL 2003, Community events, Communication and Interaction. (pp. 98-100) Bergen, Norway, University of Bergen Press.

Carney, K, Forbus K., Ureel, L., Sherin, B. (2002). Using Modeling to Support Integration and Reuse of Knowledge in School Science: Vmodel, a New Educational Technology. American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, April, 2002.

Carney, Karen, (2002). When is a Tree a Process? Influences on Student Representations of Process in "Low Floor" Qualitative Modeling Tasks. In P. Bell and T. Satwicz (Eds) Keeping Learning Complex: The Proceedings of the Fifth Annual International Conference of the Learning Sciences, (pp. 49-56) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.

Forbus, K. (2002). Helping children become qualitative modelers. Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, to appear.

Forbus, K. (2001). Articulate software for science and engineering education. In Forbus, K., Feltovich, P., and Canas, A. (Eds.) Smart machines in education: The coming revolution in educational technology. AAAI Press.

Forbus, K., Carney, K., Harris, R. and Sherin, B. (2001). A qualitative modeling environment for middle-school students: A progress report. Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning (QR01).

Forbus, K., Feltovich, P., and Canas, A. (Eds.) (2001). Smart Machines in Education: The coming revolution in educational technology. AAAI Press.

Forbus, K.D., Whalley, P., Everett, J., Ureel, L., Brokowski, M., Baher, J. and Kuehne, S. (1999). CyclePad: An articulate virtual laboratory for engineering thermodynamics. Artificial Intelligence, 114, 297-347.

Forbus, K., Everett, J., Ureel, L., Brokowski, M., Baher, J., and Kuehne, S. (1998). Distributed Coaching for an Intelligent Learning Environment. Proceedings of QR98, May, Cape Cod.

Forbus, K. D. and Kuehne, S. E. (1998). RoboTA: An agent colony architecture for supporting education. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '98). (pp. 455-456). Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN.

Forbus, K. (1997). Using qualitative physics to create articulate educational software. IEEE Expert, May/June, 32-41.

Forbus, K. and Whalley, P.B. (1994). Using qualitative physics to build articulate software for thermodynamics education. Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Papers on Sketch Understanding [back to the top]

Forbus, K., Lovett, A., Lockwood, K., Wetzel, J., Matuk, C., Jee, B., and Usher, J. (2008). CogSketch. Demonstration description in the Proceedings of AAAI 2008.

Forbus, K., Usher, J., Lovett, A., Lockwood, K., & Wetzel, J. (2008). CogSketch: Open-domain sketch understanding for cognitive science research and for education. In the Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics Workshop on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling. Annecy, France.

Lockwood, K., Lovett, A., Forbus, K., Dehghani, M., and Usher, J. (2008). Automatic Interpretation of Depiction Conventions in Sketched Diagrams. In the Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling.

Lockwood, K., Lovett, A., Forbus, K., Dehghani, M., and Usher, J. (2008). A Theory of Depiction for Sketches of Physical Systems. In the Proceedings of QR 2008.

Lovett, A., Dehghani, M., & Forbus, K. (2008). Building and comparing qualitative descriptions of three-dimensional design sketches. In the Proceedings of the 22nd International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop. Boulder, CO.

Wetzel, J., Forbus, K. (2008). Integrating Open-Domain Sketch Understanding with Qualitative Two-Dimensional Rigid-Body Mechanics. In the Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning. Boulder, CO.

Lovett, A., Dehghani, M. and Forbus, K. (2007). Constructing Spatial Representations of Variable Detail for Sketch Recognition. In the Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Control Mechanisms for Spatial Knowledge Processing in Cognitive ⁄ Intelligent Systems, Stanford University, California.

Lovett, A., Dehghani, M. and Forbus, K. (2007). Incremental Learning of Perceptual Categories for Open-Domain Sketch Recognition. In the Proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, 447-452.

Lovett, A., Dehghani, M. and Forbus, K. (2006). Efficient Learning of Qualitative Descriptions for Sketch Recognition. Proceedings of the 20th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Hanover, New Hampshire. July.

Forbus, K., Lockwood, K., Klenk, M., Tomai, E., and Usher, J. (2004). Open-domain sketch understanding: The nuSketch approach. In the Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Making Pen-based Interaction Intelligent and Natural, October, Washington, DC.

Tomai, E., Forbus, K., and Usher, J. (2004). Qualitative spatial reasoning for geometric analogies. Proceedings of the 18th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Evanston, Illinois, August.

Barker, K., Blythe, J., Borchardt, G., Chaudhri, V., Clark, P., Cohen, P., Fitzgerald, J., Forbus, K., Gil, Y., Katz, B., Kim, J., King, G., Mishra, S., Morrison, C., Murray, K., Otstott, C., Porter, B., Schrag, R., Uribe, T., Usher, J. & Yeh, P. (2003). A knowledge acquisition tool for course of action analysis. In Proceedings of the Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference.

Forbus, K., Usher, J., and Chapman, V. (2003). Sketching for Military Courses of Action Diagrams. Proceedings of IUI'03, January, 2003. Miami, Florida.

Forbus, K., Usher, J. and Chapman, V. (2003). Qualitative spatial reasoning about sketch maps. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Acapulco, Mexico.

Forbus, K., Tomai, E., and Usher, J. (2003). Qualitative spatial reasoning for visual grouping in sketches. Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Brasilia, Brazil, August.

Forbus, K. and Usher, J. (2002). Sketching for knowledge capture: A progress report. IUI'02, January 13-16, San Francisco, California.

Rasch, R., Kott, Al, and Forbus, K. (2002). AI on the Battlefield: An experimental exploration. In the Proceedings of the 14th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, July, Edmonton, Canada.

Forbus, K., Ferguson, R. and Usher, J. (2001). Towards a computational model of sketching. IUI'01,January 14-17, Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Forbus, K. D., Ferguson, R. W. & Usher, J. M. (2000). Boundary-based multimodal input for geographic planning sketches. In P. Healy (Ed.), Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Interactive Graphical Communication. London: Queen Mary College, University of London.

Ferguson, R. W., Rasch, R. A. J., Turmel, W. & Forbus, K. D. (2000). Qualitative spatial interpretation of Course-of-Action diagrams. Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning. Morelia, Mexico.

Forbus, K., Ferguson, R. and Usher, J. (2000). Towards a computational model of sketching. Proceedings of QR-2000, Morelia, Mexico.

Papers on Reasoning Techniques [back to the top]

Everett, J. and Forbus, K. (1996). Scaling Up Logic-Based Truth Maintenance Systems via Fact Garbage Collection. Proceedings of the 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Forbus, K. and de Kleer, J. (1993). Building Problem Solvers, MIT Press.

DeCoste, D. and Collins, J.W. (1991). CATMS: An ATMS which avoids label explosions. (Tech. Rep. No. 13). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, The Institute for the Learning Sciences.

Forbus, K. and de Kleer, J. (1988). Focusing the ATMS. Proceedings of AAAI-88, August.

Papers on Interactive Entertainment [back to the top]

Tomai, E. and Forbus, K. (2009). What are you going to do, talk me to death? Exploring the narrative state in interactive entertainment. AAAI Spring Symposium on Intelligent Narrative Technologies II. Palo Alto, CA.

Dunham, G., Forbus, K., and Usher, J. (2005). nuWar: A prototype sketch-based strategy game. Proceeding of the 1st Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference.

Forbus, K., and Kuehne, S. (2007). Episodic Memory: A Final Frontier (Abbreviated Version). Proceedings of AI for Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE07), Palo Alto, CA.

Forbus, K., Mahoney, J., and Dill, K. (2001). How qualitative spatial reasoning can improve strategy game AIs. AAAI Spring Symposium on AI and Interactive Entertainment, March.

Forbus, K. and Wright, W. (2001). Some notes on programming objects in The Sims. Class notes from Northwestern's Computer Game Design course, 5/31/01.

Dobson, D. and Forbus, K. (1999). Towards articulate game engines. AAAI Spring Symposium on AI and computer games. (AAAI Technical Report SS-99-02).

Forbus, K. (1996). Why computer modeling should become a popular hobby. D-Lib Magazine, October.

Papers on Natural Language Semantics [back to the top]

Forbus, K., Lockwood, K. and Sharma, A. (2009). Steps towards a 2nd generation learning by reading system. AAAI Spring Symposium on Learning by Reading, Spring 2009.

Tomai, E. and Forbus, K. (2009). EA NLU: Practical Language Understanding for Cognitive Modeling. Proceedings of the 22nd International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference. Sanibel Island, Florida.

Lockwood, K., Lovett, A., and Forbus, K. (2008). Automatic Classification of Containment and Support Spatial Relations in English and Dutch. In the Proceedings of Spatial Cognition.

Tomai, E. and Forbus, K. (2007, November). Narrative Presentation and Meaning. AAAI Fall Symposium on Intelligent Narrative Technologies, Arlington, VA.

Kuehne, S. E. (2004). On the Representation of Physical Quantities in Natural Language Text. Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Chicago, Illinois, August.

Kuehne, S. E. (2004). Understanding natural language descriptions of physical phenomena (Tech. Report NWU-CS-04-32). Doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. [Dissertation]

Kuehne, S. and Forbus, K. (2004). Capturing QP-relevant information from natural language text. Proceedings of the 18th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Evanston, Illinois, August.

Kuehne, S.E., and Forbus, K. D. (2002). Qualitative physics as a component in natural language semantics: A progress report. Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.

Papers on Learning by Reading [back to the top]

Forbus, K., Riesbeck, C., Birnbaum, L., Livingston, K., Sharma, A., and Ureel, L. (2007). Integrating Natural Language, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, and Analogical Processing to Learn by Reading. Proceedings of AAAI-07: Twenty-Second Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver, BC.

Forbus, K., Lockwood, K., Tomai, E., Dehghani, M. and Czyz, J. (2007). Machine Reading as a Cognitive Science Research Instrument. AAAI Spring Symposium on Machine Reading. Stanford University, California.

Forbus, K., Riesbeck, C., Birnbaum, L., Livingston, K., Sharma, A., & Ureel, L. (2007). A Prototype System that Learns by Reading Simplified Texts. AAAI Spring Symposium on Machine Reading. Stanford University, California.

Forbus, K. D. & Kuehne, S. (2005). Towards a qualitative model of everyday political reasoning. Proceedings of the 19th International Qualitative Reasoning Workshop, Graz, Austria, May.

Ureel II, Leo C., K. Forbus, C. Riesbeck, & L. Birnbaum (2005). Question Generation for Learning by Reading. In the Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Textual Question Answering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. July.

Papers on Companion Cognitive Systems [back to the top]

Forbus, K., Klenk, M. and Hinrichs, T. (2008). Companion Cognitive Systems: Design Goals and Some Lessons Learned. In the Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Naturally Inspired Artificial Intelligence.

Klenk, M. and Forbus, K. (2007). Cognitive modeling of analogy events in physics problem solving from examples. In the Proceedings of CogSci-07. Nashville, TN.

Forbus, K. and Hinrichs, T. (2006). Companion Cognitive Systems: A step towards human-level AI. AI Magazine, 27(2), Summer, 83-95.

Forbus, K. (2005). Companion Cognitive Systems: An Overview. One-page abstract for invited Fellows Talk, 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Stresa, Italy.

Forbus, K., Usher, J. and Tomai, E. (2005). Analogical learning of visual/conceptual relationships in sketches. Proceedings of AAAI-05.

Klenk, K., Forbus, K., Tomai, E., Kim, H., and Kyckelhahn, B. (2005). Solving everyday physical reasoning problems by analogy using sketches. Proceedings of AAAI-05.

Forbus, K. and Hinrichs, T. (2004). Self-modeling in Companion Cognitive Systems: Current Plans. DARPA Workshop on Self-Aware Systems, Washington, DC.

Forbus, K. and Hinrichs, T. (2004). Companion Cognitive Systems: A step towards human-level AI. AAAI Fall Symposium on Achieving Human-level Intelligence through Integrated Systems and Research, October, Washington, DC.

Papers on Transfer Learning [back to the top]

Klenk, M. (2009). Using Analogy to Overcome Brittleness in AI Systems (Tech. Rep. No. NWU-EECS-09-09). Doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Department of Elecrtrical Engineering and Computer Science, Evanston, Illinois. [Dissertation]

Klenk, M. and Forbus, K. (2009). Persistent mappings in cross-domain analogical learning of physics domains. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Analogy Conference. Sofia, Bulgaria.

Hinrichs, T. and Forbus, K. (2007). Analogical Learning in a Turn-Based Strategy Game. In Proceedings of the Twentieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 853-858). Hyderabad, India.

Klenk, M. and Forbus, K. (2007). Cross domain analogies for learning domain theories. In Angela Schwering et al. (Eds.), Analogies: Integrating Multiple Cognitive Abilities, Volume 5-2007. Publications of the Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück.

Klenk, M. and Forbus, K. (2007). Learning domain theories via analogical transfer. In Proceedings of Qualitative Reasoning Workshop 2007. Aberystwyth, U.K.

Klenk, M. and Forbus, K. (2007). Measuring the level of transfer learning by an AP Physics problem-solver. Proceedings of AAAI-07: Twenty-Second Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver, BC.

Klenk, M. and Forbus, K. (2006). Analogical Model Formulation for AP Physics Problems. 20th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Hanover, NH.

Hinrichs, T.R., Nichols, N.D. and Forbus, K.D. (2006). Using qualitative reasoning in learning strategy games: A preliminary report. 20th International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning. Hanover, NH.

Modeling Culture and Cognition [back to the top]

Dehghani, M., Sachdeva, S., Ekhtiari, H., Gentner D. & Forbus, K. (2009). The Role of Cultural Narratives in Moral Decision Making. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci), Washington, D.C.

Dehghani, M., Iliev, R. & Kaufmann, S. (2009). Causal Explanations in Counterfactual Reasoning. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, (CogSci).

Dehghani, M., Tomai, E., Forbus, K. & Klenk, M. (2008). Order of Magnitude Reasoning in Modeling Moral Decision-Making. In the Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning (QR). Boulder, CO.

Dehghani, M., Tomai, E., Forbus, K., Klenk, M. (2008). An Integrated Reasoning Approach to Moral Decision-Making. In the Proceedings of the Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). Chicago, IL.

Dehghani, M., Tomai, E., Forbus, K., Iliev, R., Klenk, M. (2008). MoralDM: A Computational Modal of Moral Decision-Making. In the Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci). Washington, D.C.

Tomai, E., Forbus, K. (2008). Using Qualitative Reasoning for the Attribution of Moral Responsibility. In the Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci). Washington, D.C.

Dehghani, M., Iliev, R. and Kaufmann, S. (2007). Effects of Fact Mutability in the Interpretation of Counterfactuals. In the Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Nashville, Tennessee.

Dehghani, M., Unsworth, S., Lovett, A. and Forbus, K. (2007). Capturing and Categorizing Mental Models of Food Webs using QCM. 21st International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, Aberystwyth, U.K.

Tomai, E. and Forbus, K. (2007). Plenty of Blame to Go Around: A Qualitative Approach to Attribution of Moral Responsibility. In Proceedings of Qualitative Reasoning Workshop 2007, Aberystwyth, U.K.

Position Papers and Commentaries [back to the top]

Forbus, K., Gentner, D., Markman, A. and Ferguson, R. (1998). Analogy just looks like high level perception: Why a domain-general approach to analogical mapping is right. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence (JETI), 10, 231-257.

Ferguson, R.W., Forbus, K.D., and Gentner, D. (1997). On the proper treatment of noun-noun metaphor: A critique of the Sapper model. Member abstract presented at the 19th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Stanford University, August. (HTML, PDF).

Forbus, K., Gentner, D., Markman, A. and Ferguson, R. (1997). Analogy just looks like high level perception: Why a domain-general approach to analogical mapping is right. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence. (html version, PDF version). This paper is a reply to Chalmers, D. J., French, R. M., & Hofstadter, D. R. (1992). High-level perception, representation and analogy: A critique of artificial intelligence methodology. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 4, 185-211.

Forbus, K. (1991). The physics of futures past: A response to Sacks and Doyle. Computational Intelligence.

Forbus, K. (1988). Intelligent Computer-Aided Engineering. AI Magazine.

Papers on Ontology and Granular Partitions [back to the top]

Bittner, T & Smith, B. (2001). Granular partitions and vagueness. Proceedings of the Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS2001), ACM Press.

Bittner, T & Smith, B. (2001). A taxonomy of granular partitions. Proceedings of the Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT2001). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin-Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.

Bittner, T & Smith, B. (2001). A unified theory of granularity, vagueness and approximation. COSIT Workshop on Spatial Vagueness, Uncertainty, and Granularity.

Papers on Intelligence Analysis [back to the top]